TY - JOUR
T1 - Personalized Pharmaceutics as Adaptive Therapeutic Systems Rather Than Customized Dosing Alone
AU - Chinedu Okafor
AU - Amina Bello
JF - EAMD 3
Y1 - 0
VL - 0
IS - 0
SP - 189
N2 - Personalized medicine has transformed how disease risk, diagnosis, and therapeutic selection are conceptualised, yet the pharmaceutical products used to deliver many therapies remain comparatively static. In many clinical settings, personalization still means selecting a drug more precisely while administering it through conventional dosage forms. This creates a widening gap between diagnostic sophistication and pharmaceutical responsiveness. The prevailing interpretation of personalized pharmaceutics is often reduced to customized dosing. Dose adjustment is important, but it cannot by itself address fluctuating physiology, variable adherence, lifestyle change, disease progression, or treatment-emergent toxicity. A patient’s therapeutic need is not a fixed parameter but a moving target. This conceptual review reframes personalized pharmaceutics as the design of adaptive therapeutic systems. Such systems are not merely individualized at the point of prescription or manufacture; they sense, respond, and evolve with the patient over time. The central argument is that pharmaceutical technology must move from static customization toward dynamic therapeutic adaptation. The analysis shows that customized dosing addresses only one layer of patient variability, whereas adaptive therapeutic systems combine patient-specific design, feedback control, responsive materials, digital monitoring, and translational governance. Four tables clarify definitions, identify unresolved limits of dose-only personalization, describe representative adaptive systems, and map translation challenges. Together, these elements support a broader conceptual vocabulary for personalized pharmaceutics. Realising the full potential of personalized medicine requires pharmaceutical systems that co-evolve with the patient. The future of personalized pharmaceutics therefore depends not only on tailoring what dose is given, but on designing systems that can adapt when, how, where, and why therapy is delivered. This shift has implications for formulation science, device engineering, clinical trials, regulation, reimbursement, and patient participation.
UR - https://pubsys.eshragh.co/i830812437
ER -