TY - JOUR
T1 - A Critical Taxonomy of Pharmaceutical Platform Technologies: Modular, Adaptive, Programmable, and Patient-Responsive Systems
AU - Ahmed Mansour
AU - Omar Saeed
JF - EAMD 3
Y1 - 0
VL - 0
IS - 0
SP - 168
N2 - Pharmaceutical platform technologies are reshaping drug delivery by enabling systems that can be adapted, configured, or personalised across multiple therapeutic contexts. Rather than treating each medicine as a discrete formulation problem, platform thinking emphasises reusable design principles, shared technological architectures, and translational scalability. This shift is visible across lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, implantable devices, three-dimensional printed dosage forms, and digitally connected delivery systems. Despite this progress, the terminology surrounding platform technologies remains inconsistent. Terms such as smart, adaptive, programmable, modular, intelligent, responsive, and personalised are often used interchangeably, even when the systems being described operate through different mechanisms. This ambiguity limits meaningful comparison between technologies and can obscure the design assumptions that determine manufacturability, clinical suitability, and regulatory evaluation. This classification review and perspective develops a critical taxonomy of pharmaceutical platform technologies. It classifies platforms into four categories: modular, adaptive, programmable, and patient-responsive systems. The taxonomy is based on operational logic and design intent rather than material class, route of administration, or therapeutic area. The proposed taxonomy defines explicit criteria for distinguishing the four platform types. Modular systems are organised around interchangeable components, adaptive systems around dynamic response to environmental or physiological cues, programmable systems around rule-based therapeutic logic, and patient-responsive systems around real-time patient-specific data and feedback control. Five tables support the manuscript by defining classification criteria, summarising representative platform types, and comparing the translational implications of each category. This taxonomy provides a shared conceptual language for platform-based pharmaceutical development. It clarifies design philosophies, translational risks, manufacturing implications, and regulatory questions that differ across platform types. Its purpose is to support clearer communication among pharmaceutical scientists, engineers, clinicians, regulators, and translational teams as drug delivery platforms become increasingly configurable, biologically interactive, and data-linked.
UR - https://pubsys.eshragh.co/z701222602
ER -