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Sildenafil citrate (SC), known for its role as a phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, enhances the activity of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This study explores SC’s influence on blood sugar regulation and blood-related parameters in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). 50 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: (i) a control group (n = 10), (ii) a control group receiving SC (n = 10), (iii) a diabetic group (n = 15), and (iv) a diabetic group treated with SC (n = 15). Diabetes was triggered using a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (50 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of SC at 20 mg/kg daily for six weeks. Blood analyses were conducted to evaluate fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), renal markers (urea, creatinine), and coagulation profiles (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, protein C, protein S). Diabetic rats showed significant increases in glucose, HbA1c, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, and fibrinogen levels, along with reductions in insulin, aPTT, protein C, and protein S compared with non-diabetic controls. PT remained unaffected. SC did not significantly alter any parameters in non-diabetic rats, but in diabetic ones, it restored most measurements toward normal levels (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that SC may support better glycemic control and improve microvascular function, offering potential therapeutic value in mitigating diabetes-related complications.