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The growing global population, particularly the increased density of urban areas in developed nations, has inevitably accelerated the transmission of various infectious diseases. Effective treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions often hinges on antibiotics. However, many viruses have developed resistance to specific antibiotic treatments. Currently, one of the most significant challenges in the pharmaceutical industry is developing and producing novel antibiotic classes. This article examines the properties of a new macrolide antibiotic, novomycin. Macrolides are widely prescribed antibiotics for both adults and children, functioning by disrupting protein synthesis within microbial cells. The study explored the acute and chronic toxicity of novomycin in laboratory animals, its potential allergic reactions on the skin, and its impact on pregnancy and fetal development. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of novomycin were investigated. Research into its antimicrobial efficacy revealed that, when administered 3 hours before infection in white mice, novomycin provided 63% protection against Bordetella infections, 44% against Salmonella infections, 56% against Pasteurella infections, and 80% against staphylococcal infections. The findings support the drug’s effectiveness and safety.

Microorganisms are the primary triggers of various inflammatory diseases in the human body. Diseases such as bronchitis, otitis media, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, cystitis, endometritis, and infections of the fallopian tubes and ovaries are routinely treated with antimicrobial agents in global medical protocols. Bacterial infections like chlamydia, streptodermia, scarlet fever, meningitis, and tuberculosis cannot be treated without the application of antimicrobial therapies. Likewise, viral conditions such as herpes, chickenpox, hepatitis C and B, and HIV are now addressed using antiviral treatments. Antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails, as well as systemic mycoses. For protozoal diseases such as giardiasis, amoebic dysentery, trichomoniasis, malaria, and toxoplasmosis, antiprotozoal drugs are prescribed. These therapeutic agents target a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. This article offers a succinct review of various antimicrobial drugs and provides an in-depth analysis of the Russian antimicrobial drug market.